Water scarcity, mismanagement and pollution in Syria
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2022/10, Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria
- Abstract: This study examines the impacts of water scarcity and pollution on the agricultural sector and the population in Syria. It also explores the consequences of the destruction of and damage [...]
From radicalisation to violence : the factors shaping Egyptian radical youths’ decisions whether to take up arms
- Type: Working Paper
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Series/Report no.: EUI RSC, 2022/49, Middle East Directions (MED)
- Abstract: On 14 August 2013, the Egyptian security forces ended Muslim Brotherhood sit-ins in Cairo and Giza. After hours of clashes between the security forces and supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood, [...]
Non-governmental organisations in Aleppo : under regime control and at its service
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Citation: Florence : European University Institute, 2022
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2022/09, Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria
- Abstract: Non-governmental organisations in the city of Aleppo have undergone deep transformations since 2011. Relying on various tools, the regime ensures its domination over registered local NGOs and their international backers, [...]
Kinship ties in safe areas during the Syrian conflict : the case of Tartous
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2022/08, Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria
- Abstract: Since the beginning of the conflict in Syria, Tartous has experienced a number of socio-economic changes that have both pressured its local community and the Assad regime and that have [...]
Smuggling between Syria and Lebanon, and from Syria to Jordan : the evolution and delegation of a practice
- Type: Other
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Series/Report no.: Policy Briefs, 2022/32, Middle East Directions (MED), Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria
- Abstract: In 2018, the Syrian regime expanded its control in the country’s western and southern regions. This shift in territorial control, however, did not lead to an interruption of illicit activities. [...]
National reconciliation and peacebuilding in Algeria : lessons for Libya?
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Citation: Florence : European University Institute, 2022
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2022/07, [Libya Dialogue Platform]
- Abstract: Algeria is a post-conflict society that experienced a controversial process of reconciliation. The author scrutinises this process by highlighting the principal measures that were undertaken by the government, the constraints, [...]
Coming up through the cracks : the Islamic State's resurgence in Syria and Iraq
- Type: Other
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Series/Report no.: Policy Briefs, 2022/16, Middle East Directions (MED), Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria
- Abstract: The Islamic State’s attack, 20 January 2022, on al-Sina’a prison (al-Hasaka city) took both the international Coalition and the Syrian Democratic Forces by surprise. The Islamic State remains, on the [...]
Factoring the economy into Colombia’s peace agreement : what has failed?
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2022/06, [Libya Dialogue Platform]
- Abstract: After five decades of war and four years of negotiations, in October 2016 the government of Colombia and the FARC guerilla movement signed a peace agreement. The 2016 Peace Agreement [...]
Competition, collusion and smuggling : Syria’s borders with Turkey and Iraq
- Type: Other
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Series/Report no.: Policy Briefs, 2022/16, Middle East Directions (MED), Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria
- Abstract: Smuggling goods in and out of Syria to Turkey and Iraq has long been an essential part of the Syrian economy. Smuggling was dominated by affiliates of the Syrian regime [...]
National reconciliation in Rwanda : experiences and lessons learnt
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2022
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2022/05, [Libya Dialogue Platform]
- Abstract: Rwanda became notorious internationally in 1994 when the genocide that mainly targeted the Tutsi people was perpetrated. How the country responded to the tragedy through national reconciliation is the core [...]
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