Revisiting natural resources in the Middle East and North Africa
- Type: Book
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Citation: Florence : European University Institute, 2020
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED)
- Abstract: The struggle for natural resources has historically been central in the modern Middle East and North Africa, yet it has also recently contributed to destabilising it. This ebook explores the [...]
The EU-Tunisian relationship after 2011 : resilience, contestation and the return of the neglected socio-economic question
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2020/18
- Abstract: With rising socioeconomic problems reigniting popular contestation, Tunisia’s democratic system is under strain. This report critically analyses the EU’s policy responses to Tunisia's transition and evaluates how they have evolved [...]
The Eighth Brigade : striving for supremacy in Southern Syria
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2020/17
- Abstract: At its core, the patchwork ‘reconciliation’ strategy in southern Syria has demarcated three main zones in which the regime’s authority and therefore the roles former rebels come to play in [...]
Post-reconciliation rural Damascus : are local communities still represented?
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria, 2020/16
- Abstract: Two years on from the Syrian regime’s military recapture of the whole of Rural Damascus, the fates of influential local actors, including communal dignitaries, religious clerics, businessmen, civil society activists [...]
Salafi politics : 'political' and 'quietist' Salafis in the struggle for the Libyan state
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2020/15, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
- Abstract: The academic literature has tended to divide the Salafis into three main categories – jihadi, political and quietist – and has distinguished them in terms of their ideological and methodological [...]
The Syrian chambers of commerce in 2020 : the rise of a new business elite
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria, 2020/14
- Abstract: Two years after the end of their mandates in 2018, the formation of new boards of directors of Syrian chambers of commerce in September and October 2020 shows significant changes [...]
Syrian people’s council elections 2020 : the regime’s social base contracts
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), 2020/13
- Abstract: In Syria’s context of political authoritarianism, analysis of the People’s Council elections remains crucial to understand how the Syrian regime is reshaping its social base in each of the 15 [...]
Breaking the cycle : a new American approach to Lebanon
- Type: Other
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Series/Report no.: Policy Briefs, 2020/35, Middle East Directions (MED)
- Abstract: For the last three decades since the near-simultaneous end of the Cold War and the end of the Lebanese civil war, United States (US) policy towards Lebanon has continued to [...]
Private security companies in Syria : new agents at the regime’s service
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria, 2020/12
- Abstract: In 2013, President Bashar al-Assad issued Decree No. 55 licensing private protection and guard service companies. Was the move towards the privatisation of the security sector part of a series [...]
Between control and repression : the plight of the Syrian labour force
- Type: Technical Report
- Year of Publication: 2020
- Series/Report no.: Middle East Directions (MED), Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria Project, 2020/11
- Abstract: The most important protagonists in the 2011 Syrian uprising were economically marginalised rural workers, urban employees and self-employed workers. The war and the economic crisis to which it gave rise [...]
Publications: 10/74